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Plymouth Rock, United States

Save Your People,
and
Bless Your
Heritage

 

 


Buckingham Palace, England

"He who knows nothing is closer to the truth than he whose mind is filled with falsehoods and errors."  Thomas Jefferson
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  "There is nothing more frightening than active ignorance." -- Goethe

"The search for truth is never wrong.  The only sin is to lack the courage to follow where truth leads." -- Duke

"He alone deserves to be remembered by his children who treasures up and preserves the memory of his fathers." -- Edmund Burke


GERMANY  

Few nations have been as vilified as Germany.  Just mention the word "German" and most people think of "Nazi" and "Holocaust."  The history of Germany is long and complicated.  The relatively few years of this long and noble history which occurred after World War I and up through the end of World War II should not define who the German people are.

The history of those years should be reviewed for truthfulness and accuracy.

Do you have the courage to test your knowledge of those years for truthfulness and accuracy?

 

The level of infighting which occurred among the German clans during their history is amazingly high.  This reflect the high individualistic nature of the Germans themselves and it's a miracle that they achieved any unity at all.  The only common thread among them throughout the centuries was a refusal by all the German clans to allow foreigners into their lands.  this tradition ensured that Germany remained one of the most racially homogenous societies on continental Europe until the last quarter of the 20th century when a dramatic change in policy occurred.

The History of Germany begins with the arrival of Germanic people.  The Germanic peoples are a historical group of Indo-European speaking peoples, originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Germanic languages.  The descendants of these peoples became the ethnic groups of North Western Europe, such as the Danes, Swedes, Norwegians, Icelanders, Germans, Dutch, English and Frisians.

 

Herman, Chieftan of Cherusci who successfully defended against Roman invaders in 21 AD

Recorded German history begins with the battle between the Roman legions and Arminus, a prince of the Germanic Cherusci tribe.  Deutschland, the German name for Germany, came into use in the eighth century when Charlemagne incorporated German and French speakers into a common nation.

Migrating Germanic peoples spread throughout Europe between 300 and 600 AD.  Clovis, a Salian Frank, became the absolute ruler of a Germanic kingdom of mixed Roman-Germanic population in 486 when he conquered northern Gaul. He consolidated his rule with victories over the Gallo-Romans and all the Frankish tribes, and his successors made other Germanic tribes subjects of the Merovingian Dynasty. The remaining 250 years of the dynasty, however, were marked by internecine struggles and a gradual decline. During the period of Merovingian rule, the Franks reluctantly began to adopt Christianity following the baptism of Clovis, an event that inaugurated the alliance between the Frankish kingdom and the Roman Catholic Church. The most notable of the missionaries responsible for Christianizing the tribes living in Germany was Saint Boniface (ca. 675-754), an English missionary who is considered the founder of German Christianity.

 

Statue depicting the baptism of Clovis by Saint Remigius

Crypt of Saint Boniface, Fulda, Germany

In 531 the Saxons and Franks destroyed the Kingdom of Thuringia.  Saxons inhabit the area down to the Unstrut river and Austrasia is part of the Frankish empire. 

The Franks had created an empire under the Merovingian kings and subjugated the other Germanic tribes.  Chlothar I ruled the greater part of what is now Germany and made expeditions into Saxony while the Southeast of modern Germany was still under the influence of the Ostrogoths.  During the partition of the Frankish empire their German territories were a part of Austrasis.    This is when Charlemagne launched his campaign and the Germany lands were annexed by his empire.  From 772 to 814 Charlemagne extended the Carolingian empire into northern Italy and the territories of all west Germanic peoples, including the Saxons and Bavarians.  In 800 Charlemagne was crowned emperor in Rome and it later became known as the First Reich (empire).  But it was not to last.  He grandchildren would fight for control and the empire was partitioned into several parts.

 

Coin depicting Charlemagne

 

Charlemagne's casket in Aachen Cathedral

 

  

Charlemagne

Charlemagne's Throne

A period of warfare followed the death of Louis I, son of Charlemagne. The Treaty of Verdun (843) restored peace and divided the empire among three sons, geographically and politically delineating the approximate future territories of Germany, France, and the area between them, known as the Middle Kingdom. The eastern Carolingian kings ruled the East Frankish Kingdom, what is now Germany and Austria; the western Carolingian kings ruled the West Frankish Kingdom, what became France. The imperial title, however, came to depend increasingly on rule over the Middle Kingdom. By this time, in addition to a geographical and political delineation, a cultural and linguistic split had occurred. The eastern Frankish tribes still spoke Germanic dialects; the language of the western Frankish tribes, under the influence of Gallo-Latin, had developed into Old French. Because of these linguistic differences, the Treaty of Verdun had to be written in two languages.

Not only had Charlemagne's empire been divided into three kingdoms, but the East Frankish Kingdom was being weakened by the rise of regional duchies, the so-called stem duchies of Franconia, Saxony, Bavaria, Swabia, and Lorraine, which acquired the trappings of petty kingdoms. The fragmentation in the east marked the beginning of German particularism, in which territorial rulers promoted their own interests and autonomy without regard to the kingdom as a whole. The duchies were strengthened when the Carolingian line died out in 911; subsequent kings would have no direct blood link to the throne with which to legitimate their claims to power against the territorial dukes.

 

 

The Prince's Stone is the reversed base of an ancient Ionic column that played an important role in the ceremony surrounding the installation of the princes of Carantania in the Early Middle Ages. First mentioned in 1161 but definitely described about 1341 on the occasion of the coronation of Meinhard II of Gorizia-Tyrol in 1286.  Carantania was part of Charlemagne's empire, part of the Frankish Empire after him, and part of Bavaria after that.

 

 

The Duchy of Carinthia was located in southern Austria and parts of northern Slovenia.  It was part of the Holy Roman Empire from 976 until 1806 when the Empire was dissolved and then a crownland of Austria-Hungary until its dissolution in 1918.  The 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain gave the main area to the Austrian state of Carinthia.  A small south-eastern part was included in the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and the rest was ceded to the Kingdom of Italy.

The Duke's Chair, also known as the Duke's Seat, is a medieval stone seat dating from the ninth century and located at the Zollfeld plain near Maria Saal north of Klagenfurt in the Austrian state of Carinthia.  Together with the Prince's Stine it played an important role during the installation of the Dukes of Carinthia.

During the ceremony at the Duke's Chair the new Duke had to swear an oath in German and received the homage of the estates.

The last installation took place in 1651

The Duke's Chair

Because the dukes of the East Frankish Kingdom had wearied of being ruled by a foreign king, they elected a German to serve as their king once the Carolingian line expired. The election of Conrad I (r. 911-18), Duke of Franconia, as the first German king has been marked by some historians as the beginning of German history. Conrad's successor, Henry I (r. 919-36), Duke of Saxony, was powerful enough to designate his son Otto I (r. 936-73) as his successor. Otto was so able a ruler that he came to be known as Otto the Great.  The Magyars' westward expansion was halted by Otto in 955 at the Battle of Lechfeld in southern Germany.

 

Conrad I

 

Otto the Great

Holy Roman Emperor

first of the Kings of Germany to be King of Italy

The Christian thinker Augustine claimed that God created the Roman Empire to bring law and order to mankind. The idea was that there should be one church with the pope at its head and one secular empire. Otto and the following emperors claimed they were the successors to the ancient Roman Empire. So their Germanic empire was called the Roman Empire. In 1157 it was called the Holy Roman Empire.

Not surprisingly other European nations were not enthusiastic about the idea and in any case the Holy Roman Empire was never a single united unit. In reality the power of the emperors over the different areas of the empire was limited.

During the Middle Ages the original five duchies broke up and by 1500 the Holy Roman Empire was like a patchwork quilt of different units. It was made up of princely states, which were ruled by princes subordinate to the emperor. There were also bishoprics ruled by bishops and archbishops. They were called ecclesiastical princes. Imperial knights who answered directly to the emperor ruled some areas. There were also some independent cities like Augsburg.

Meanwhile during the 10th and 11th centuries Germany became a feudal society led by military nobility. The nobles were very powerful and often rebelled against the king.

 

Henry III

 

Frederick I

Frederick was King of the Romans for three years, King of Germany, of Italy and of Burgundy.  He was also King of Sicily from his mother's inheritance.  He was Holy Roman Emperor and for a brief period King of Cyprus and Jerusalem.

He was known in his own time as Stupor mondi (wonder of the world) and was said to speak six languages:  Latin, Sicilian, German, French, Greek and Arabic.

 

Under feudalism lords granted land to their vassals and in return the vassals swore to serve the lord. Most of the population were peasants. Some were free but many were serfs, halfway between freemen and slaves. The serfs had to work on their lord's land for certain days of the week.

Germany grew richer in the early middle ages and the population rose sharply (until 14th century). Trade and commerce boomed and towns grew larger and more numerous. Yet life was still hard and rough for most people. They continued to live in small villages scattered across the forests.

Moreover in the 11th century there was a conflict between the Pope and the emperor over who had the right to appoint bishops. It was important to the emperor to be able to appoint suitable bishops. In those days church and state were closely linked. Furthermore the church was rich and powerful and the emperor was keen to have the bishops on his side. The pope, naturally, resented this interference in church affairs. The argument was only settled by the concordat of Worms in 1122.

From 1220 to 1250 Frederick II was emperor. He was known as stupor mundi (wonder of the world) because of his brilliant mind. However in 1254 central authority broke down completely. From 1254 to 1273 there was no emperor. This period was called the Great Interregnum. It ended when Rudolph of Hapsburg was elected emperor.

 

 

The cenotaph of the tomb of Rudolf I

Rudolf in stained glass in Saint Jerome's Chapel, in town hall in Olomouc (Czech Republic).

In 1356 Karl IV issued a document called the 'golden bull', which lay down the rules for electing emperors.

In the early 14th century conditions in Germany deteriorated. The climate grew colder and there were several famines. Worse, the black death struck Germany in 1349 and it killed about one third of the population.

In the late 14th and 15th centuries there were a series of peasant uprisings in Germany. Furthermore impoverished noblemen called robber barons roamed the countryside.

However a number of universities were founded in Germany at that time. Heidelberg was founded in 1386. It was followed by Leipzig in 1409, Tubingen in 1477 and Wittenberg in 1502.

In the Middle Ages divisions between nations were vague. In the 16th century they became more clearly defined. One sign of this came in 1512 when the empire's title changed to the 'Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation'.

Then in 1517 Martin Luther started the Reformation when he nailed his theses to the door of a church in Wittenberg. In 1521 the heads of the various German states met in an Imperial Diet at Worms. Martin Luther was called to account and he stood by his views. The Reformation split Germany, with some states accepting his views and others rejecting them.

In 1531 the Protestant princes formed the alliance of Schmalkalden to defend the reformation by force if necessary. The emperor fought a war with them in 1546-47. Although he was victorious he could not turn the clock back and Protestantism could not be eradicated.

Then in 1555 the Diet of Augsburg met. The peace of Augsburg declared that princes could decide the religion of their state. Anyone who disagreed with their ruler could emigrate.

Meanwhile Martin Luther translated the New Testament into German in 1522 and the Old Testament in 1534.

Furthermore in the early 16th century there were a series of peasant uprisings across Germany, as the peasants, dissatisfied with their lot, demanded economic and social change. The unrest culminated in the Peasants War of 1525. However the princes easily crushed the rebellion and tens of thousands of peasants were killed.

However the late 16th century was a time of relative peace and stability in Germany.

Martin Luther, 1529

 

Heidelberg Castle

home of German rulers for over 600 years from the 13th to the 17th century

 

Carriage of Bavarian Ruler

In the early 17th century the uneasy peace between Protestants and Catholics broke down. The Protestants formed a military alliance in 1608. In response the Catholics formed the Catholic League in 1609.

At that time Bohemia (the modern Czech Republic) was part of the Holy Roman Empire. Protestant nobles in Bohemia had gained certain privileges. When Ferdinand II became king of Bohemia in 1617 he tried to undo them. In protest on 23 May 1618 Protestants threw royal officials out of a window in Prague. This event became known as the defenestration of Prague.

The Bohemians rebelled and appealed to German Protestants to help them. However the emperor led a force of Catholics and defeated the Protestants at the battle of White Mountain in 1620. Nevertheless a long series of wars between Catholic and Protestant states began. Other European powers became involved. The Swedes joined the Protestants in 1630 under their king Gustavus Adolphus (although he was killed at the battle of Lutzen in 1632). France joined the Protestant side in 1635. The wars dragged on until the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.

The Thirty Years War was a disaster for Germany. The Thirty Years' War had a devastating effect on the German people. Historians have usually estimated that between one-fourth and one-third of the population perished from direct military causes or from illness and starvation related to the war. Some regions were affected much more than others. For example, an estimated three-quarters of Württemberg's population died between 1634 and 1639. Overall losses were serious enough that historians believe that it took a century after the Thirty Years' War for Germany's population to reach the level of 1618.

The war had another effect. It weakened the power of the emperor and increased the power of the princes and kings.

 

 

 

Maximilian I and his family

Cenotaph of Maximilian, Innsbruck, Austria

 

Munster at Ulm is the tallest church building in the world.  Started in 1377 it survived the bombing of World War II
 

The main development in Germany during the 18th century was the rise of Prussia. In the 17th century the Hohenzolleron family ruled both Brandenburg and East Prussia. In 1701 the ruler of both was Elector Frederick III. In that year he crowned himself King of Prussia. Soon the whole realm was called Prussia.

However at first Prussia was an economically backward area. It only rose to greatness under Frederick II 'The Great', who became king in 1740. Frederick had a very large army and he was a capable general, which allowed him to fight successful wars.

In 1740 Prussia invaded Silesia (an Austrian possession). On 10 April 1741 the Prussians defeated the Austrians at the battle of Mollwitz. At first the battle went well for the Austrians. Their cavalry defeated the Prussian cavalry and Frederick fled from the battle. However the Prussian infantry stood and fought. They overcame both the Austrian cavalry and the Austrian infantry. As a result Prussia won the battle. Austria made peace in 1742 but the peace did not last long. War began again in 1745. The Prussians won a series of battles at Hohenfriedberg on 4 June, at Soor on 30 September and at Hennersdorf on 23 November. Frederick II ended the war in December 1745 with his territory enlarged.

In 1756 Prussia went to war again when Frederick invaded Saxony. However this time Frederick II was faced with a powerful coalition of enemies. Nevertheless the Prussians won two victories at Rossback in November 1757 and at Leuthen in December 1757. The Prussians also defeated the Russians at the battle of Zorndorf in 1758.

However the tide of war then turned against the Prussians and they were defeated at the battle of Minden in 1759. Fortunately in January 1762, one of Frederick's most powerful enemies, Elizabeth of Russia, died and her son made peace with the Treaty of St Petersburg. The war ended in 1763.

Then in 1772 Prussia, Austria and Russia agreed to carve up part of Poland between them.

In 1792 Prussia and Austria went to war with Revolutionary France. However the French won victories and Prussia made peace in 1795. Meanwhile the Prussians and Russians divided up the remaining part of Poland in 1793.

Austria made peace with France in 1797 but war began again in 1799.

 

 

Frederick the Great at age 68

 

Frederick the Great statue in Berlin

 

Frederick the Great commissioned many great buildings in Berlin, including the Berlin State Opera, 1741

 

Germany in the 19th Century

However Austria was defeated and was forced to make peace in 1801. France defeated Austria again in 1805. As a result some German states allied themselves with Napoleon. In July 1806 Napoleon created the Confederation of the Rhine, which was made up of 16 German states. The Holy Roman Empire officially ceased to exist on 6 August 1806.

Then in September 1806 Prussia went to war with France. However Napoleon crushed the Prussians at Jena on 14 October 1806.

In 1812 the French were utterly defeated in Russia. In 1813 Prussia joined Russia in the war against the French. Austria also joined and in October 1813 the combined armies defeated the French at the battle of Leipzig.

After Napoleon's final defeat in 1815 the Congress of Vienna met to decide the fate of Europe. A German confederation was formed to replace the old Holy Roman Empire. It consisted of 38 states. An assembly called the Bundestag, made up of delegates from the states was formed.

Prussia was the biggest winner from the peace. It gained the Rhineland and Westphalia. The population of Prussia increased and it gained valuable mineral resources. Prussia became increasingly important in German affairs. In 1834 the Prussians and other German states formed a customs union called the Zollverein.

Furthermore in the 1830s Germany began to industrialize. One sign of this was the opening of the first German railway in 1835 from Nuremberg and Furth. As Prussia industrialized it grew stronger and stronger while its rival, Austria remained an agricultural country and so grew relatively weaker.

Meanwhile an Austrian minister named Metternich tried to prevent the ideas of the French Revolution spreading in Germany. In 1819 there were student bodies in German universities called Burschenshaften. On 23 March 1819 a member of one killed a writer called August von Kotzebue. Metternich used this as an excuse to introduce press censorship and strict supervision of universities. His measures were called the Karlsbad decrees.

However it proved impossible to put the genie back in the bottle. In 1818 Baden and Bavaria introduced liberal constitutions. So did Wurttemberg in 1819 and Hessen-Darmstadt in 1820. Furthermore in 1830 a revolution in France triggered riots in parts of Germany and some German rulers were forced to make concessions.

In 1831 Brunswick, Hesse and Saxony all introduced new constitutions. However in Prussia and Austria all liberal movements were repressed.

Then, after 1845 there were a series of bad harvests. There was also a recession and high unemployment. Discontent erupted in revolution in 1848.

In February 1848 another revolution in France triggered demonstrations and unrest across Europe, including Germany. At first the rulers were so alarmed they backed down and made concessions. However they soon regained their nerve.

In Prussia on 18 March 1848 the king announced he was willing to make some reforms. However Prussian troops fired at some demonstrators in Berlin and in the ensuing fighting many people were killed. Afraid of further unrest the king decided to appease the demonstrators. On 19 March 1848 he ordered the troops to leave Berlin. On 21 March 1848 he rode through Berlin dressed in the revolutionary colors, red, gold and black.

Then in May 1848 an elected assembly representing all Germany met in Frankfurt. The Frankfurt parliament discussed German unity.

However the rulers soon regained their confidence and they began to crack down on the revolutionaries. On 2 April 1849 the Frankfurt parliament offered the King of Prussia the crown of Germany. However he rejected the offer. The Frankfurt parliament gradually dispersed and its members went home. Meanwhile, in 1849 European rulers began to use their armies to put down rebellions. Soon the old order returned.

 

 

The Holy Roman Empire, 1512

 

 

The German Confederation in 1820.  Austria is in yellow, Prussia in blue

Then, in 1863 the Danish king tried to annex the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. Both Prussia and Austria fought a short war against Denmark in 1864. As a result Prussia and Austria were given joint administration of the two duchies.

Disagreements with Austria over the duchies gave Prussia a pretext to start a war in 1866. It was over within a short period. On 3 July 1866 Prussia won a great victory over the Austrians at Koniggratz. Afterwards a peace treaty created North German Federation dominated by Prussia. Austria was expelled from German affairs.

 

 

Friedrich Wilhelm IV

1860 silver coin of Friedrich Wilhelm IV

 

Bismarck, the German chancellor, then quarreled with France over the issue of who was to succeed to the Spanish throne. The French declared war on 19 July 1870. However the French were utterly defeated at the battle of Sedan on 2 September 1870 and they made peace in February 1871.

Meanwhile the southern German states agreed to become part of a new German Empire with the Prussian king as emperor. William I was proclaimed emperor on 18 January 1871. 

This German Empire--often called the Second Reich to distinguish it from the First Reich, established by Charlemagne in 800--was based on two compromises. The first was between the king of Prussia and the rulers of the other German states, who agreed to accept him as the Kaiser (emperor) of a united Germany, provided they could continue to rule their states largely as they had in the past. The second was the agreement among many segments of German society to accept a unified Germany based on a constitution that combined a powerful authoritarian monarchy with a weak representative body, the Reichstag, elected by universal male suffrage. No one was completely satisfied with the bargain. The Kaiser had to contend with a parliament elected by the people in a secret vote. The people were represented in a parliament having limited control over the Kaiser.  In the late 19th century Germany industrialized rapidly. By the end of the century it rivaled Britain as an industrial power.

In 1879 Germany signed the Dual Alliance with Austria-Hungary. The two powers agreed to come to each others aid in the event of a war with Russia.

Bismarck, the German chancellor, also campaigned against socialism. In the late 19th century it was a growing force in Germany. Bismarck tried to take the wind out of Socialism's sails by introducing welfare measures. In 1883 he introduced sickness insurance. In 1884 he introduced accident insurance. Then in 1889 he introduced old age pensions. However socialism continued to grow and by 1914 the Social Democratic Party (SPD) was the largest party in the Reichstag

Bismarck arranged an alliance with Austria-Hungary in 1879 and one with Italy in 1882. His triumph, however, was a secret alliance he formed by means of the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia in 1887, although its terms violated the spirit of the treaty with Austria-Hungary. However much these agreements contributed to German security, Bismarck's plunge into the European scramble for overseas colonies ultimately weakened it by awakening British fears about Germany's long-term geopolitical aims. Subsequent feelers he put out with a view to establishing an understanding with Britain were rebuffed. In 1890 Bismarck was dismissed by young Kaiser Wilhelm over a dispute about antisocialist legislation.  Wilhelm would later regret not cracking down harder on the communists.

Later painting of Bismarck

 

Otto von Bismarck became Chancellor of Germany in 1871

 

Memorial statue to Bismarck in Bielefeld

 

Before we go any further, it's important for you to get an understanding of the history of the Jewish people.  They will obviously play a crucial role in the history of Germany.  Knowing who they are, not what you've been taught, but the truth, is critical to understanding the rest of German history.

Jewish History

Political Parties

Six major political parties were active in imperial Germany: the Conservative Party, the Free Conservative Party, the National Liberal Party, the Progressive Party, the Center Party, and the Social Democratic Party of Germany (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands--SPD), founded on Marxist principles (aka communist). Only the SPD survived both the empire and the Weimar Republic (1918-33) and came to play a vital role in the Federal Republic. Even though the German Empire lacked a genuinely democratic system, the six main parties accurately reflected the interests and hopes of most of its people.

 

    

Reichstag opened in 1894

The Marxist SPD was founded in Gotha in 1875, a fusion of Ferdinand Lassalle's General German Workers' Association (formed in 1863), which advocated state socialism, and the Social Democratic Labor Party (formed in 1869), headed by August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht, both Jewish Communists, which aspired to establish a classless communist society. The SPD advocated a mixture of revolution and quiet work within the parliamentary system. The clearest statement of this impossible combination was the Erfurt Program of 1891. The former method frightened nearly all Germans to the party's right, while the latter would build the SPD into the largest party in the Reichstag after the elections of 1912.

 

August Bebel

German Jew who co-founded communism in Germany

 

Wilhelm Liebknecht

German Jew who co-founded communism in Germany

A friend of Karl Marx
 

 

 

Karl Liebknecht, Jew and son of Wilhelm.  He was the founder of the Communist Party of Germany

 

Rosa Luxemburg, Polish Jewess
 

Rabid communists, Liebknecht and Luxemburg were instrumental in the communist Spartacist uprising in Berlin in January of 1919, a general strike that led to the overthrow of the government.

The two were taken by Freikorps solders on January 15, 1919, brought to the Eden Hotel in Berlin and interrogated for several hours.  Luxemburg was battered to death with rifle butts and thrown into a nearby river.  Liebknecht was shot in the back of the head then deposited as an unknown body in a nearby mortuary.

Too bad that didn't end the communist problem in Germany.

 

Foreign Policy in the Wilhelmine Era

Foreign policy in the Wilhelmine Era (1890-1914) turned away from Bismarck's cautious diplomacy of the 1871-90 period. It was also marked by a shrill aggressiveness. Brusque, clumsy diplomacy was backed by increased armaments production, most notably the creation of a large fleet of battleships capable of challenging the British navy. This new bellicosity alarmed the rest of Europe, and by about 1907 German policy makers had succeeded in creating Bismarck's nightmare: a Germany "encircled" by an alliance of hostile neighbors--in this case Russia, France, and Britain--in an alliance called the Triple Entente.

 


Wilhelm II
 


Wilhelm II

The first brick to fall out of Bismarck's carefully crafted edifice was Germany's Reinsurance Treaty with Russia. Harmed by Prussian trade policies, Russia did not renew the treaty and instead turned to France for economic assistance and military security. The two countries formally allied in early 1893. Britain joined them in 1907, even though France and Britain had nearly gone to war over a colonial dispute in 1898. Britain's main reason for abandoning its usual posture as an aloof observer of developments on the continent was Germany's plan to build a fleet of sixty battleships of the formidable Dreadnought class.

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, set off a series of diplomatic and military decisions that would end peace in Europe. The Kaiser gave a so-called blank check to his ally, Austria-Hungary, saying that Germany would support any Habsburg measure taken against Serbia, which had backed the assassination. Austria-Hungary's ultimatum to Serbia in late July was so harsh that war became inevitable. Within days, a set of interlocking alliances had Europe's great powers embroiled in what would become World War I.

World War I

Germany's leadership had hoped for a limited war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia. But because Russian forces had been mobilized in support of Serbia, the German leadership made the decision to support its ally. The Schlieffen Plan, based on the assumption that Germany would face a two-front war because of a French-Russian alliance, required a rapid invasion through neutral Belgium to ensure the quick defeat of France. Once the western front was secure, the bulk of German forces could attack and defeat Russia, which would not yet be completely ready for war because it would mobilize its gigantic forces slowly.

Despite initial successes, Germany's strategy failed, and its troops became tied down in trench warfare in France. For the next four years, there would be little progress in the west, where advances were usually measured in meters rather than in kilometers. Under the command of Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff, the army scored a number of significant victories against Russia. But it was only in early 1918 that Russia was defeated. Even after this victory in the east, however, Germany remained mired in a long war for which it had not prepared.

After the Bolshevik Revolution of November 1917, Russia and Germany began peace negotiations. In March 1918, the two countries signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The defeat of Russia enabled Germany to transfer troops from the eastern to the western front. Two large offensives in the west were met by an Allied counteroffensive that began in July. German troops were pressed back, and it became evident to many officers that Germany could not win the war. In September Ludendorff recommended that Germany sue for peace. In October extensive reforms democratized the Reichstag and gave Germany a constitutional monarchy. A coalition of progressive forces was formed, headed by SPD politician Friedrich Ebert. The military allowed the birth of a democratic parliament because it did not want to be held responsible for the inevitable armistice that would end the war on terms highly unfavorable to Germany. Instead, the civilian government that signed the truce was to take the blame for the nation's defeat.

The political reforms of October were overshadowed by a popular uprising that began on November 3 when sailors in Kiel mutinied. They refused to go out on what they considered a suicide mission against British naval forces. The revolt grew quickly and within a week appeared to be burgeoning into a revolution that could well overthrow the established social order. On November 9, the kaiser was forced to abdicate, and the SPD proclaimed a republic. A provisional government headed by Ebert promised elections for a national assembly to draft a new constitution. In an attempt to control the popular uprising, Ebert agreed to back the army if it would suppress the revolt. On November 11, the government signed the armistice that ended the war. Germany's loses included about 1.6 million dead and more than 4 million wounded. 

The armistice treaty between the Allies and Germany was signed in a railway carriage in Compiegne Forest on 11 November 1918, and marked the end of the First World War on the Western Front. Principal signatories were Marshal Ferdinand Foch, the Allied Commander-in-chief, and Matthias Erzberger, Germany's representative.
 

The Armistice was agreed at 5 AM on 11 November, to come into effect at 11 AM Paris time (that is, 11 AM GMT), for which reason the occasion is sometimes referred to as "the eleventh (hour) of the eleventh (day) of the eleventh (month)". It was the result of a hurried and desperate process.

Acting German commander Paul von Hindenburg had requested arrangements for a meeting from Ferdinand Foch via telegram on 7 November. He was under pressure of imminent revolution in Berlin, Munich, and elsewhere across Germany.

The German delegation crossed the front line in five cars and was escorted for ten hours across the devastated war zone of Northern France. They were then entrained and taken to the secret destination, Foch's railway siding in the forest of Compiegne.

Foch appeared only twice in the three days of negotiations: on the first day, to ask the German delegation what they wanted, and on the last day, to see to the signatures. In between, the German delegation discussed the detail of Allied terms with French and Allied officers. The Armistice amounted to complete German demilitarization, with few promises made by the Allies in return. The naval blockade of Germany would continue until complete peace terms could be agreed upon.

There was no question of negotiation. The Germans were able to correct a few impossible demands (for example, the decommissioning of more submarines than their fleet possessed), and registered their formal protest at the harshness of Allied terms. But they were in no position to refuse to sign due to the crisis back home. On Sunday 10 November, they were shown newspapers from Paris, to inform them that Kaiser Wilhelm II had abdicated.

Erzberger was not able to get instructions from Berlin because of the fall of the government. However, he was able to communicate with the German Army Chief of Staff Paul von Hindenburg in Spa who instructed him to sign at any price as an armistice was absolutely necessary.  Signatures were made between 5:12 AM and 5:20 AM, Paris time.

Terms

The terms contained the following major points:

  • Termination of military hostilities within six hours after signature.
  • Immediate removal of all German troops from France, Belgium Luxembourg, and Alsace-Lorraine.
  • Subsequent removal of all German troops from territory on the west side of the Rhine plus 30 km radius bridgeheads of the right side of the Rhine at the cities of Mainz, Koblenz, and Cologne with ensuing occupation by allied and US troops.
  • Removal of all German troops at the eastern front to German territory as it was on August 1, 1914.
  • Renouncement of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Russia and of the Treaty of Bucharest with Romania.
  • Internment of the German fleet.
  • Surrender of materiel: 5,000 cannons, 25,000 machine guns, 3,000 minenwerfers, 1,700 airplanes, 5,000 locomotive engines, and 150,000 railcars.

As you shall see, not nearly as harsh as the Treaty of Versailles would be a few months later.

 

Germany did not ask for the armistice because she was defeated

 

Oh no!  Russia was already defeated!

 

When the armistice was signed the German armies had never been defeated on the field of battle

 

The German high command asked for an armistice because they were in danger of imminent Jewish/communist revolution in Berlin, Munich, Hamburg and all across Germany!

 

Front page of the New York Times November 11, 1918

Berlin seized by revolutionists

These "Revolutionists" were Jewish communists

 

 

This is historical fact

 

The German high command was desperate to get home and suppress the communists who had taken over several major urban areas and set up communist governments!

 

They did not want another Russian Revolution on German soil

German November Revolution - 1917

Background

February of 1917 the Communists toppled the Tsar in Russia.  In Germany the Communists, led by Kurt Eisner, began leading strikes in March and April, 1917, against German armament factories where 300,000 workers went on strike.  This directly impacted German war efforts.  The Communists actively agitated against the war effort.  America's entry into the war April of 1917 was a big blow to Germany

In January of 1918 the communist strikes caused one million workers to walk off the job.  For the first time during these strikes the so called "Revolutionary Stewards" (Revolutionäre Obleute) took action. They were to play an important part in further developments. They called themselves "Councils" (Räte) after the Russian "Soviets".

Even with this massive disruption to their armament and manufacturing plants, Germany defeated Russia and March 3, 1918 the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was negotiated. 

January 8, 1918 President Woodrow Wilson outlined his "Fourteen Points."  These were rejected by the German Supreme Command who was unwilling to break up the German Empire.  Troops were moved to the western front.  Yet with the crippling labor strikes spurred on by the Communists and the entry of America into the war, by September of 1918 Germany appeared to be headed to defeat.  Germany requested a truce.

Pressure on the Kaiser was intensified.  He attempted to form a Parliamentary Monarchy in October.  It would have worked but the radical Communists circulated a rumor that the sailors in Kiel were going to be needlessly sacrificed against the British fleet.  The rumors triggered the sailors to mutiny on November 3, 1918.  Mass protests turned into a revolt and rioting spurred on by the Social Democrats.  Soon Kiel and another town were in the hands of 40,000 revolting sailors, soldiers and workers.

The uprising spread.  The King of Bavaria abdicated.  Then on November 9, 1918  Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated, the Social Democrats proclaimed a Socialist Republic and Friedrich Ebert demanded the Chancellorship.

Two days later they agreed to an Armistice with the Allies.

Munich

The November Revolution was launched at a so-called "peace rally" in Munich that was organized by Kurt Eisner on November 9, 1918.  He proclaimed himself the head of the Soviet Republic of Bavaria.

Because of the abdication of the Kaiser and the resulting disorganization of the government there was no one able to put down the revolt.  Anyone who opposed Eisner was arrested.  On Feb. 21, 1919 Eisner was assassinated by Count Anton Graf von Arco-Valley, whose great grandfather was Jewish.  The three month long "Soviet Republic" in Germany cost at least 927 German people their lives.

Berlin

Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht and their Spartakus League announced on December 24, 1918 that their Council of People's Commissars had taken power in Berlin.  They seized government buildings and the newspaper district.  Karl Radek, leading Soviet "diplomat, arrived in Berlin and addressed a rally.  He told them to "chase out Ebert-Scheidemann (the legal government) and set up a genuinely revolutionary government in its place."  Fortunately for Germany the Kaiser's army organized a "Free Corps" of vererans and on January 10, 1919 they attacked the Spartakus positions in Berlin.  After two days of heavy fighting and many deaths the communists were defeated.

Other Areas

In January, 1919, one million workers went on strike,

During February, 1919, Soviet Republics would be proclaimed in Bremen, Brunswick, Hamburg, Baden and others.  More Germans would die, in all almost one thousand.  In March 1919 there was an uprising in the Ruhr and a general strike in Berlin.

In many areas civil workers loyal to the Kaiser were arrested.

Communists took over governmental positions all over Germany.  Many of them kept these positions until Hitler came to power and swept the Communists out.

 

This communist threat is what the German high command was desperate to stop

This communist threat continued until Hitler put an end to it

Then the Allies made the world safe for communism by turning the main communist, Stalin, into their ally

Sickening

 

Leaders of the German November Revolution and German Communists

Kurt Eisner

Eisner's governing Council of People's Commissars:  Eugen Levine, M. Levien, Paul Axelrod, Ernst Toller

Other leaders in Munich of the "Revolutionary Tribunal" were Kurt Muhsam, and Gustav Landauer.

Hugo Haase - leader of the Independent Socialists

Rosa Luxemburg

Karl & Wilhelm Liebknecht

August Bebel

Eduard Bernstein - exiled from Germany and allowed to return in 1901 he became a member of the Government

Karl Radek - Russian "diplomat" who agitated in Germany

Dr. Oskar Cohn - Member of the Reichstag, Under Secretary of State in the German Ministry of Justice - He was in the pay of the Moscow Soviet Propaganda Department as their legal adviser.  He was given 10 million roubles by Russian Ambassador Joffe on November 5, 1918, to which Joffe "granted Herr Cohn the right of disposal in the interests of the German revolution."  When Joffe was exposed he was replaced by Hugo Haase.

Karl Kautsky - Under Secretary of State in the Foreign Office in the "Revolutionary Government" and worked to find documents that implicated Germany in the war

Georg Bernhard - Chief Editor of Ullstein's "Vossische Zeitung"

Willi Munzenberg - Member of the Reichstag and owner of the Communist paper 'Die Welt am Abend"

Hans Kippenberger - chief enforcer of the communist organization (like a police officer)

Bernhard Weiss - Executive Chief of Police in Berlin, protected Hans Kippenberger

Otto Landsberg - lawyer who left Germany when Hitler came to power.  He may have been Jewish

Wilhelm Dittmann - unable to find information on him but believe he was Jewish

 

Every single one of these men is a Jew

Is this a coincidence?

Of course not!

After all, Karl Heinrich Marx was a German Jew

Karl Marx's father was Heinrich Marx but born Herschel Mordechai, son of Levy Mordechai and Eva Lwow, descended from a long line of Jewish Rabbis

This is historical fact

Other Communists who were not Jewish:

Friedrich Engels - co-authored "The Communist Manifesto" with Karl-Marx

Franz Erdmann Mehring  - worked with Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Kiebknecht

Friedrich Wilhelm Reinhold Pieck - worked to bring communism to Germany and was the first president of Communist Germany after World War II

Richard Müller - unionist and organizer of mass strikes.  Leading figure in the "councils".

Emil Barth - leading organizer of the Revolution but he did not join the Communist party

 

Click here for an in-depth look at

Communism

 

 

Germany did not "lose" World War I

 

The armistice was signed as a prelude to a negotiated peace

This is much different than an unconditional surrender

 

 

This photograph was taken after reaching an agreement for the armistice that ended World War I. This is Ferdinand Foch's own railway carriage and the location is in the forest of Compiègne. Foch is second from the right.

 

Foch was French and disagreed with the Treaty of Versailles.  He wanted permanent occupation of the Rhineland.

 

Yet Germany was isolated with a complete naval blockade until after Versailles

 

It's estimated that 750,000 German civilians lost their lives as a direct result of the war naval blockade on Germany and more died from starvation afterwards

 

Remember, the communist Jews Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht had been agitating for awhile.  Communists were in cells all over Germany.  This is historical fact.  Several large cities had been taken over by communists who set up their own governments.  This is historical fact.  The entire country was in danger of a communist revolution and the German High Command knew this.  This is historical fact.

So a hurried Armistice is signed and then the Treaty of Versailles is forced on the German people.  And then they demobilize the army!  On November 11, 1918, Germany possessed the mightiest military machine on earth.  By the end of December, she was helpless.  In this weakened position the Versailles Treaty was "negotiated," and Germany was not allowed at the table.  As a result, Germany

got the worse treaty for any country imaginable

Signed in June 1919, the Treaty of Versailles limited Germany to an army of 100,000 soldiers. The treaty also stipulated that the Rhineland be demilitarized and occupied by the western Allies for fifteen years and that Germany surrender Alsace-Lorraine, northern Schleswig-Holstein, a portion of western Prussia that became known as the Polish Corridor because it gave Poland access to the Baltic, and all overseas colonies. Also, an Allied Reparations Commission was established and charged with setting the amount of war-damage payments that would be demanded of Germany. The treaty also included the "war guilt clause," ascribing responsibility for World War I to Germany and Austria-Hungary.

At the wave of their magic markers, the allies made hundreds of thousands of Germans "citizens" of other countries

They "created" the country of Czechoslovakia!

These lands had been part of the greater German Empire for centuries

Think about it -- if we lost the war, what territory would we give up?

It would be like giving half of California, parts of Arizona, New Mexico and Texas to the country of Mexico

Habla Espanol anyone?

Then we could say that Main, Vermont and parts of New York can go to Canada

And while we're at it, Cuba can have south Florida

And maybe we'll make a new country out of Alaska, or give it back to Russia

Content of the Treaty of Versailles

Impositions on Germany

Legal restrictions

  • Article 227 charges former German Emperor, Wilhelm II with supreme offence against international morality. He is to be tried as a war criminal.
  • Articles 228-230 tried many other Germans as war criminals.
  • Article 231(the "War Guilt Clause") lays sole responsibility for the war on Germany, which would be accountable for all the damage done to civilian population of the allies.

Military restrictions

Part V of the treaty begins with the preamble, "In order to render possible the initiation of a general limitation of the armaments of all nations, Germany undertakes strictly to observe the military, naval and air clauses which follow."  Germany was also forbidden to unite with Austria to form a larger Nation to make up for the lost land

  • The Rhineland will become a demilitarized zone administered by Great Britain and France jointly.
  • German armed forces will number no more than 100,000 troops, and conscription will be abolished.
  • Enlisted men will be retained for at least 12 years; officers to be retained for at least 25 years.
  • German naval forces will be limited to 15,000 men, 6 battleships (no more than 10,000 tons displacement each), 6 cruisers (no more than 6,000 tons displacement each), 6 destroyers (no more than 800 tons displacement each) and 12 torpedo boats (no more than 200 tons displacement each). No submarines are to be included.
  • The manufacture, import, and export of weapons and poison gas is prohibited.
  • Tanks, military aircraft, and artillery are prohibited.
  • Blockades on ports are prohibited.

Germany was compelled to yield control of its colonies, and would also lose a number of European territories. Most notably, the province of west Prussia would be ceded to the newly independent Second Polish Republic, thereby granting Poland access to the Baltic Sea via the "Polish Corridor" , and turning East Prussia into an exclave, separated from mainland Germany.

  • Alsace-Lorraine, the territories which were ceded to Germany in accordance with the Preliminaries of Peace signed at Versailles on 26 February 1871, and the Treaty of Frankfurt of 10 May 1871, were restored to French sovereignty without a plebiscite (direct vote of the electorate) as from the date of the Armistice of 11 November 1918. (area 14,522 km², 1,815,000 inhabitants (1905)). Clemenceau was convinced that the German neighbor had "20 million people too much", thus incorporating the seven million inhabitants and the industry of the Prussian province was seen as means to weaken Germany and strengthen France.
  • Northern Schleswig was returned to Denmark following a plebiscite on 14 February 1920 (area 3,984 km², 163,600 inhabitants (1920)).  Central Schleswig, including the city of Flensburg, opted to remain German in a separate referendum on 14 March 1920.
  • Most of the Prussian provinces of Posen (now Poznan) and of West Prussia, which Prussia had annexed in Partitions of Poland (1772-1795), were ceded to Poland (area 53,800 km², 4,224,000 inhabitants (1931), including 510 km² and 26,000 inhabitants from Upper Silesia). Most of the Province of Posen had already come under Polish control during the Great Poland Uprising of 1918-1919.
  • The Hlučínsko (Hultschin) area of Upper Silesia to Czechoslovakia (area 316 or 333 km², 49,000 inhabitants) without a plebiscite.
  • The eastern part of Upper Silesia to Poland (area 3,214,km², 965,000 inhabitants), after the plebiscite for the whole of Upper Silesia, which was provided for in the Treaty, and the ensuing partition along voting lines in Upper Silesia by the League of Nations following protests by the Polish inhabitants.
  • The area of cities Eupen and Malmedy to Belgium. The track bed of the Vennbahn railway also transferred to Belgium.
  • The area of Soldau in East Prussia (railway station on the Warsaw-Danzig route) to Poland (area 492 km²).
  • The northern part of East Prussia known as Memel Territory under control of France, later occupied by Lithuania.
  • From the eastern part of West Prussia and the southern part of East Prussia, after the East Prussian plebiscite a small area to Poland.
  • The province of Saarland to be under the control of the League of Nations for 15 years, after that a plebiscite between France and Germany, to decide to which country it would belong. During this time, coal would be sent to France.
  • The port of Danzig with the delta of the Vistula River at the Baltic Sea was made the Freie Stadt Danzig (Free City of Danzig) under the permanent governance of the League of Nations without a plebiscite (1929 area was 1,893 km² with 408,000 inhabitants).
  • The German and Austrian governments had to acknowledge and strictly respect the independence of Austria. The unification of both countries, although desired by the huge majority of both populations, was strictly forbidden.

Shandong problem

Article 156 of the treaty transferred German concessions in Shandong, China to Japan rather than returning sovereign authority to China. Chinese outrage over this provision led to demonstrations and a cultural movement known as the May Fourth Movement and influenced China not to sign the treaty. China declared the end of its war against Germany in September 1919 and signed a separate treaty with Germany in 1921.

Reparations

Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles assigned blame for the war to Germany; much of the rest of the Treaty set out the reparations that Germany would pay to the Allies.

The total sum of war reparations demanded from Germany — 226 billion Reichsmarks in gold (around £11.3 billion)— was decided by an Inter-Allied Reparations Commission. In 1921, it was reduced to 132 billion Reichsmarks (£4.99 billion).

The Versailles reparation impositions were partly a reply to the reparations placed upon France by Germany through the 1871 Treaty of Frankfurt signed after the Franco-Prussian War.  However, critics of the Treaty argued that France had been able to pay the reparations (5 billion francs) within 3 years while the Young Plan of 1929 estimated German reparations to be paid until 1988.  Indemnities of the Treaty of Frankfurt were in turn calculated, on the basis of population, as the precise equivalent of the indemnities imposed by Napoleon I on Prussia in 1807.

The Versailles Reparations came in a variety of forms, including coal, steel, intellectual property (e. g. the patent for Aspirin) and agricultural products, in no small part because currency reparations of that order of magnitude would lead to hyperinflation, as actually occurred in postwar Germany (see 1920s German inflation), thus decreasing the benefits to France and the United Kingdom.

The treaty also created the League of Nations, now called the United Nations

The Jews insisted on it

 

The United States never signed the treaty!

And never joined the League of Nations at that time

We negotiated a separate peace with Germany which was signed in August of 1921

Some thoughts on the Treaty of Versailles:

  • Germany did not start the war.  She simply went to the aid of her ally, just like other countries have done and will continue to do.  Why punish her so severely?
  • What right does any nation, or group of nations, have to tell another country how they can run their military?
  • How can it be justified forcing such an enormous debt on any country?
  • Who was behind this horrendous treaty?  International Jews, that's who.
  • What were the results?  Devastation for the people and economy of Germany.  Complete humiliation for the German people.  World War II
  • Who benefited?  Jewish interests, that's who!
  • Who made these people the God of the magic marker and told them to redraw the world?

 

German territorial losses after World War I

Germany after Versailles:

      Administered by the League of Nations

      Annexed by neighboring countries

      Weimar Germany

Notice the "corridor" lost to Poland that now divides Germany.  This piece of land would start World War II

The Sudetenland, in the south east, had been a part of Germany for generations and was given to Czechoslovakia.

 

 

German Reaction to the treaty

On 29 April the German delegation under the leadership of the Foreign Minister Ulrich Graf von Brockdorff-Rantzau arrived in Versailles. On 7 May when faced with the conditions dictated by the victors, including the so-called "War Guilt Clause", the Foreign Minister replied to Clemenceau, Wilson and Lloyd George: We know the full brunt of hate that confronts us here. You demand from us to confess we were the only guilty party of war; such a confession in my mouth would be a lie.

Because Germany was not allowed to take part in the negotiations, the German government issued a protest against what it considered to be unfair demands, and a "violation of honour" and soon afterwards, withdrew from the proceedings of the Treaty of Versailles. Germany's first democratically elected Chancellor, Phillip Scheidemann refused to sign the treaty and resigned. In a passionate speech before the National Assembly on 12 March 1919, he called the treaty a "murderous plan" and exclaimed,

Which hand, trying to put us in chains like these, would not wither? The treaty is unacceptable.

After Scheidemann's resignation, a new coalition government was formed under Gustav Bauer and it recommended signing the treaty. The National Assembly voted in favor of signing the treaty by 237 to 138, with 5 abstentions. The foreign minister Hermann Muller and Johannes Bell travelled to Versailles to sign the treaty on behalf of Germany. The treaty was signed on 28 June 1919 and ratified by the National Assembly on 9 July 1919 by a vote of 209 to 116.

It quickly became evident to Germans that other forces had been at work in forcing this treaty on them. 

mass demonstration outside the Reichstag against the treaty
 

 

Other reaction to the treaty:

The British Prime Minister, David Lloyd George, wrote:

'The international bankers swept statesmen, politicians, journalists and jurists all to one side and issued their orders with the imperiousness of absolute monarchs.'

Comte de St. Aulaire (French Ambassador in London) says : 

“Those who look for the truth elsewhere than in the official documents know that President Wilson, whose election had been financed by the Great Bank of New York (Jewish Kuhn-Loeb & Co.) rendered almost complete obedience to its (the domination of the international bankers at the conference) beck and call.”

Dr. E. J. Dillon (historical author of The Paris Peace Conference) states

“The sequence of expedients framed and enforced in this direction were inspired by the Jews (i.e. representatives of the international bankers) assembled in Paris for the purpose of realizing their carefully thought out programmes which they succeeded in having substantially executed.”

 

 

What did the prime minister mean by "international bankers?

Each country had their own financial negotiators.

Paul Moritz Warburg negotiated for the United States - American/German from a successful Jewish banking family

Max Warburg, Paul's brother and therefore also from the same Jewish banking family, negotiated for Germany!

do the words "conflict of interest" mean anything?

Jacob Schiff, Jew, United States banker, related to Warburg by marriage, multi-millionaire who financed the Bolshevik Revolution in the amount of 20 million dollars!

Other Jews in the negotiations

M. Mandel (Rothschild), Jewish secretary for French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau

Philip Sassoon, Jewish Secretary for British Prime Minister David Lloyd George.  Came from very prominent Jewish family.  His mother was from the Rothschild family

Paul Mantoux, Jewish, Interpreter for French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau

Louis Dembitz Brandeis, Jewish, Leader of American Zionism, appointed to the Supreme Court by President Woodrow Wilson in 1916.  Was an adviser to Wilson.

Oscar Solomon Straus, German/American who was Secretary of Commerce and Labor under Theodore Roosevelt.  He aided in the negotiations.

Louis-Lucien Klotz was born in Paris to Alsatian Jewish parents and was the Minister of Finance - he signed the treaty for France

Baron Sidney Costantino Sonnino, half Jewish raised protestant (father was a Jew, mother was Welsh), Italian Foreign Minister, negotiated for Italy

Edwin Samuel Montague, Jewish, British politician who was the Secretary of State for India and signed for that country.

 

Holy Cow!  It's a takeover!

Who were these "international bankers"?

Jews!  Jews!  Jews!  Get this people. 

The Jews did this to Germany

These same bankers financed the communist takeover in Russia

Click here for more information on

Communism

These same bankers financed the communists in Germany

These same bankers are financing our government today

Wake up America!

 

http://www.bigeye.com/bankers_make_war.htm

 

The Jews destroyed Germany

As for the Versailles Treaty, for the sake of history, it should be known that according to Captain A.H.M. Ramsey, in his 1952 book The Nameless War:

"All important decisions were taken by the 'Big Four' - Britain, France, Italy and the U.S.A., represented respectively by Mr. Lloyd George, M. Clemenceau, Baron Sonino, and President Wilson.

What is not known is that the secretary of Mr. George was the Jew, Sassoon; of M. Clemenceau the Jew Mandel Rothschild, now known as Mandel; Baron Sonino (Italy) was himself half a Jew; and President Wilson had the Jew, Brandeis. The interpreter was another Jew named Mantoux; and the Military Advisor yet another Jew called Kish.

It is known that Mr. George and others were hazy about geography. Their Jewish secretaries, however, were on the contrary very much on the spot on such matters. These Jews met at 6 p.m. in the evenings and mapped out the decisions for the following day's conference of the 'Big Four'.

The results were disastrous from the point of view of all decent people, who hoped for an honorourable treaty, with terms which, though they might be stringent, would at least be just and thereby secure lasting peace."

 

This excerpt shows that the Jews wanted Palestine and used the Treaty of Versailles to achieve their goal

from http://www.yamaguchy.netfirms.com/7897401/carr/pawns_10.html

The power of the international bankers is well illustrated by an incident that happened during the preliminary conferences (at Versailles) held in Paris in 1919.  The negotiations tended to stray away from the policy set by the international bankers.  Thereupon, Jacob Schiff, of New York, sent President Wilson, who was attending the Paris conference, a two thousand word cable.  He ‘instructed’ the president of the United States what to do in regard to the Palestine Mandate, German Reparations, Upper Silesia, The Sarre, The Danzing Corridor, and Fiume.  The cablegram was dated May 28th, 1919.  Schiff sent it in the name of the Association of the League of Free Nations.

Upon receipt of the cablegram President Wilson immediately changed the direction of the negotiations.  Of this incident Comte de St. Aulaire said :  “The Treaty of Versailles on these five questions was dictated by Jacob Schiff and his co-religionists.” It must be pointed out again that the rank and file of the Jewish people had absolutely nothing to do with framing the policy which the international bankers insisted Lloyd George, President Wilson, and Premier Clemenceau carry out.

As soon as the allied governments had been ‘persuaded’ to make Palestine a British Protectorate, (as demanded in the cable), the international bankers instructed their agents that the terms of the Peace Treaty were to be made so severe that it would be impossible for the German people to tolerate them very long.  This was part of the plan to keep the German people hating the British, French, Americans and the Jews so they would be ready to fight again to regain their legal rights.

Immediately the Treaty of Versailles was signed, the phony Capitalist-Bolshevik war was started.  This war enabled Lenin to justify his policy, by which he abandoned the German revolutionaries to their fate in order to consolidate the gains he had already made in Russia.  The war against Bolshevism was never permitted to endanger Lenin’s dictatorship.  It was ended in 1921.  The net result was that the Bolsheviks gained a tremendous amount of prestige, while the Capitalist countries lost a similar amount.  This paved the way for the agents of the international bankers to suggest, in the interests of permanent PEACE, that the Soviet States be admitted to membership in the League of Nations.

 

The Weimar Republic, 1918-33

The Weimar Constitution

The Weimar Republic, proclaimed on November 9, 1918, was born in the throes of military defeat and social revolution. In January 1919, a National Assembly was elected to draft a constitution. The government, composed of members from the assembly, came to be called the Weimar coalition and included the SPD (aka communists); the German Democratic Party (Deutsche Demokratische Partei--DDP), a descendant of the Progressive Party of the prewar period; and the Center Party. In February the assembly elected Friedrich Ebert as the republic's first president.  The new system was a truly democratic parliamentary one.

Problems of Parliamentary Politics

The most serious obstacle the new republic faced was the refusal of many Germans to accept its legitimacy. The extreme left regarded it as an instrument of the propertied to prevent revolution, recalling Ebert's agreement with the military in November 1918 that resulted in the army's bloody suppression of the left-wing revolts of late 1918 and early 1919. In the face of this SPD-military alliance, elements of the left considered the SPD as great a barrier to their goals as the conservatives. Represented by the Communist Party of Germany (Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands--KPD), the extreme left felt such an enduring hostility to the Weimar Republic that at times it cooperated with the extreme right in efforts to destroy the republic.  The communists instigated several uprisings including the Spartacist Uprising in January of 1919 and then in Bavaria in March.  The Freikorps (ex soldiers bearing arms) put down both uprisings but the communists organized general strikes of trade unions and caused industry to halt.  Communism had become a problem in Germany.

In addition to venomous political opposition, the republic had to contend with a weak economy plagued by high rates of inflation and unemployment. Inflation was fueled partly by the enormous wartime debts the imperial government had contracted rather than raise taxes to finance the war. Even more inflationary were the enormous war reparations demanded by the Allies, which made economic recovery seem impossible to many objective expert observers. Inflation ruined many middle-class Germans, who saw their savings and pensions wiped out. Unemployment also remained epidemic throughout the 1920s, hurting millions of wage earners and their families.

The year 1923 was one of crisis for the republic. In January French and Belgian troops occupied the highly industrialized Ruhr area because of German defaults on reparations payments. The Weimar government responded by calling upon the Ruhr population to stop all industrial activity. The government also began printing money at such a rate that it soon became virtually worthless; by the fall of 1923, wheelbarrows were needed to carry enough currency for simple purchases as inflation reached rates beyond comprehension. In 1914 US$1 had equaled 4 marks. By mid-1920, US$1 was worth 40 marks, by early 1922 about 200 marks, a year later 18,000 marks, and by November 1923 4.2 trillion marks. In addition, the country was racked by strikes, paramilitary street violence, and rumors of planned uprisings by both the left and the right. In August, in the midst of this chaos, President Ebert asked Gustav Stresemann, head of the DVP, to form a new government to resolve the crisis.

 

Friedrich Ebert

 

Gustav Stresemann

The Stresemann Era

Stresemann was a Vernunftrepublikaner , that is, someone who supported the Weimar Republic because it seemed the best course of action rather than from a firm commitment to parliamentary democracy.

Chancellor only from August to November 1923, Stresemann headed the "great coalition," an alliance that included the SPD, the Center Party, the DDP, and the DVP. In this brief period, he ended passive resistance in the Ruhr area and introduced measures to bring the currency situation under control.

After his resignation from the chancellorship because of opposition from the right and left, Stresemann served as German foreign minister until his death in 1929. A brilliant negotiator and a shrewd diplomat, Stresemann arranged a rapprochement with the Allies. Reparations payments were made easier by the Reichstag's acceptance in mid-1924 of the Dawes Plan, which had been devised by an American banker, Charles G. Dawes, to effect significant reductions in payments until 1929. That year, only months before his death, Stresemann negotiated a further reduction as part of the Young Plan, also named for an American banker, Owen D. Young. The Dawes Plan had also provided for the withdrawal of French and Belgian troops from the Ruhr district, which was completed in 1925. In addition, beginning in the mid-1920s, loans from the United States stimulated the German economy, instigating a period of growth that lasted until 1930.

The Locarno treaties, signed in 1925 by Germany and the Allies, were the centerpiece of Stresemann's attempt at rapprochement with the West. A prerequisite to Germany's admission to the League of Nations in 1926, the treaties formalized German acceptance of the demilitarization of the Rhineland and guaranteed the western frontier as defined by the Treaty of Versailles. Both Britain and Germany preferred to leave the question of the eastern frontier open. In 1926 the German and Soviet governments signed the Treaty of Berlin, which pledged Germany and the Soviet Union to neutrality in the event of an attack on either country by foreign powers.

Jewish Domination of Weimar Germany, 1919-1932

Much has been written about the Nazi hatred of the Jews.  Unfortunately, little has been done to understand WHY.  Here are some FACTS.

Jews in Germany amounted to one percent of the population (just over 400,0000 in 1925).  One out of five was an immigrant.  In Prussia, 76,000 were aliens.  Almost half of the Jews in Germany lived in Berlin.

Using PRUSSIA as a guide, the largest German state, here are some statistics:

7.4% of official judges were Jewish (430). Of these, prominent positions were occupied by 12 Presidents of State and Appellate Courts and 109 Assessors in Supreme State Courts and Directors of State Courts.

Out of every 100 Jews working in a vocation in 1925, 47.4 were independent (working for themselves), 33.8 were salaried employees, 9.2 were workmen (ditch diggers, farmers, etc.) and 9.5 were family members assisting in the family business.)  Obviously, the Jews don't like manual labor.

Jewish Statistics for Berlin 1925 out of total in the vocation:  Doctors - 47.9%; Chemists (pharmacy) - 37.5%; Lawyers - 50.2%; Artists - 7.5%; Editors - 8.5%; Theatrical producers and managers - 14.2%; Actors - 12.3%.  Remember:  the Jews only make up one percent of the population!

Again, in Berlin, Jews made up 48% of the medical men, 43% of school doctors, 68% of welfare doctors, 45% of hospital directors, 38% of dentists, 44% of head doctors, 50% of teachers in the medical faculty and 25% of teachers in the philosophical faculty.  When you take theatrical producers out of the equation Jews made up 80% of theatre managers.  With one percent of the population.

The Anwaltskammer, the supreme representative body of lawyers in Berlin, was 66% Jewish.  The General Directorate was 100% Jewish, the Directorate of the Reichsrechtsanwaltskammer, the supreme representative body of the lawyers was 100% Jewish.

The media was Jewish dominated.  This is an instrument for shaping public opinion that equals no other and Hitler has been criticized for using the media to his advantage.  Yet German Jewry had established its dominance in the press and utilized it fully for their benefit.  The handful of papers that dared to publish anything that might make a Jew angry would be subject to an advertisement boycott, the death of any newspaper or other form of media such as radio or today television.  There are too many papers to list here but you can google it yourself.  It's a fact.  The Jews dominated the print media in Germany.

Of the 14 members of the supervisory board of the War Metal Company only two were not Jewish.  They so dominated war companies that German companies could only succeed through Jewish middlemen and by paying bribes. 

In one case during World War I the contract for chocolate for the troops was not entrusted to a chocolate factory but the manufacturer of blouses because it was a Jewish company.

There had been several cases of corruption that caused much distress to the common German.  In one case, the Prussian State Bank extended so much credit to three eastern Jewish brothers, Julius, Henry and David Barmat, that the bank collapsed.  (Remind you of what's going on today?)

Three brothers named Leo, Max and Willy Sklarek raided the Berlin City Bank to the tune of 12,500,000 marks.

There's more but you get the idea.

For more information you can get the book, "The Jews in Weimar Germany" by Donald L. Niewyk.  Mind you, this is a very pro-Jewish book!   No "reputable" author dare speak against the Jews.  You have to read between the lines to get to the truth of the matter, if you're so inclined.

There's also the booklet, "Jewish Domination of Weimar Germany, 1919-1932."  This give the same statistics but shows how degraded the Germans were and how powerful the Jews had become.

Jewish Financial Control of Germany

These statistics will shock you

This is summarized from:

http://www.holywar.org/jewishtr/wvr.htm

Click on the link to get the full article plus the SOURCES

Pre-Nazi Germany is yet another of the dramatic examples of the rise of Jewish economic influence and control in European countries. Jews numbered at most about one per cent of the German population between 1871 and 1933, and this percentage had been steadily declining but by the end of the eighteenth century, "a high proportion of the landed and liquid wealth in Prussia was in the hands of either nobles or Jews."  By 1908, 12 of the 20 richest Berliners were of Jewish ancestry, as were 11 of the 25 richest people in Prussia. Of the top 200 Prussian millionaires, 55 were Jewish. Of the top 800, 190 were of Jewish extraction. 41% of Prussian iron and scrap iron firms, and 57% of other metal businesses were owned by Jews. Although Jews in 1903 were only 0.74% of the labor force in Prussia, 27% of all Prussian lawyers were Jews, as were 10% of apprenticed lawyers, 47% of magistrates, and 30% of all higher ranks of the judiciary.
 
     By the 1930s, 46% of German Jews were self-employed. In 1932, six million Germans were unemployed. In the town of Sonderburg, in the Rhineland area of Germany, "of the five largest employers, two were Jewish firms; in one case, the Jewish-owned mill employed hundreds of Gentile workers -- as many as 20 percent of the working adult labor force. In a very real sense, the Gentile community depended on Jews for employment and for retail goods."
 
     Gentile fortunes in Germany and its environs were based in landownership and agriculture; Jewish fortunes were founded upon banking and finance. In Berlin, by the eighteenth century, "the income of Jews in the middle of the Jewish tax scale would be about three times higher than the average Berliner. The middle of the Jewish tax scale would thus be approximately equal to the top ten per cent of Berlin households." The average income of Jews in pre-Nazi Germany was 3.2 times higher than the rest of the population.  "At the end of the eighteenth century 400 Jewish families formed one of the wealthiest groups in Berlin...In Bavaria, in 1808, 80% of government loans were endorsed and negotiated by Jews." By 1914 the Jews of Berlin -- 5 per cent of that city's population -- paid over a third of its taxes and there were "a large number of domestic servants in the two most important Jewish areas of Berlin during the 1920's."
  
     In 1923, 150 of the 161 privately-owned banks in Berlin were Jewish; "In Berlin alone," notes Jewish author Edwin Black, "about 75% of the attorneys, and nearly as many doctors, were Jewish." "All the major Berlin department stores -- Wertheim, Herman Tietz, N. Israel, KaDeWe," says Jewish author Peter Wyden, "were the properties of Jews. All the principal newspaper publishers and thirteen of the drama critics were Jews. Garment manufacturing, a major industry, was generally known to be in Jewish hands." "In Germany," says Nachum Gidal, "Jews above all developed the setting up of department stores, the manufacture and ready-made ladies and gentlemen's clothing, the tobacco, leather, and fur industries and the new film industry."
 
       By 1823, the Bavarian government owed 23% of its public debt to Jews; as early as 1818, there was growing complaint about excessive Jewish influence in Germany. One German writer, Garlieb Merkel, noted that while the "German peoples had, in many years of political disaster lost their precious political rights and had diminished in stature, [Jews] had increased their wealth at a terrifying rate. They knew how gain equality with Christians everywhere and they zealously set about developing this equality into further privileges." "This statement of Merkel has some truth in it," says scholar Jacob Katz, "Jews had exploited, economically and socially, the new status they had achieved in the past generation." With formal emancipation, the Jews of Berlin, complained Merkel, "now bought up every house afforded for sale in the main streets and filled the cities with their shops. The Jews had long dominated in financial deals and trade in bills. Now they led in occupations such as the book trade ... Almost all the country homes on both sides of the Tiergarten, the Berliners only place of recreation, had passed into Jewish hands ... The Jews has made their gains at the expense of other citizens."
 
      The Jewish-French intellectual, Bernard Lazare, noted in 1894 that:
 
"In Germany [Jewish] activity was exceedingly great. They were at the bottom of legislation favourable to the carrying on of banking and exchange, the practice of usury and speculation. It was they who profited by the abolition, in 1867, of the ancient laws limiting the rate of interest. They were active in bringing about the enactment of the law of June 1870, which exempted stock companies from government supervision. After the Franco-German War, they were among the boldest speculators, and at a time when German capitalists were carried away by a passion for the creation of industrial combinations, they acted a no less important part than had the Jews of France, from 1830 to 1848. Their activity persisted until the financial panic of 1873, when the country squires and the small traders who had been ruined by the excesses of this Grunder Periode in which the Jew had played the most important part, gave themselves up to the most violent anti-Semitism, such, indeed, as proceeds only from injured interests."
        Many German Jews were known to have, at least officially, converted to Christianity. Like the Spanish Marranos, this was often merely expeditious. As the German Jewish poet Heinrich Heine observed, baptism was "the ticket of admission into German culture."  Heine himself, notes Nahum Goldmann, "was a very good Jew at the end of his life and [his] conversion to Christianity was only a formality."  Popular German Jewish author Emil (born Cohen) Ludwig's  "conversion to Christianity had been merely an effort to buy the respect of Germans."  "Often one submitted [to baptism]," notes Adam Weisberger, "as an opportunistic matter of convenience ... A Jewish origin was a handicap but one which baptism could remedy." (Even in America, noted James Yaffe, reflecting a theme, "Serge Koussevitzky, Eugene Ormandy, and Pierre Monteux, all Jews, had to convert to Christianity in order to reach the top of the symphony world.")
 
     Even among the wealthy assimilationists to German society in the Jewish communities "mixed marriages were the exception rather than the rule and the Jews continued to live a life apart. They interacted with non-Jews in their professional lives, but very seldom in private." This model even parallels the wealthy German-Jewish situation in the United States in the same era: "The social solidarity [in America] was no way better exemplified and furthered than by the tendency -- common to all unified elite -- to intermarry ... German-Jewish investment banking [in the U. S.]  in the late 19th century ... was ... based upon the proliferation of kinship groups ... it seems possible to say that the German-Jewish groups had a strategic role to play in the providing of capital from Germany for American industrial development."

      By 1907-08 Jews had a conspicuous presence in the corporate sector of the German economy. Despite representing only one per cent of the German population, 20 per cent of the largest companies had a "substantial" Jewish involvement. A further 16 per cent had "significant' Jewish management.  Examining the very largest companies, W. E. Mosse notes that over two-thirds of such firms had a "significant Jewish component." Of the most powerful corporate organizations in Germany, only 7.7 per cent were "without some degree of Jewish participation."

In 1913, fifteen Jews held 211seats on boards of German banks; by 1928 this number was 718. In that same year Jews represented 80% of the leading members of the Berlin stock exchange. Five years later the Nazis expelled 85% of all stockbrokers because of "race."

     In the pre-World War II Weimar Republic of Germany that fell to the Nazis, 11% of Germany's doctors were Jews, and 16% of its lawyers. By 1909-10, about one-fourth of the teachers at German universities were of Jewish descent.  As elsewhere, an expediential prerequisite for advancement was at least superficial conversion to Christianity. "Those who were baptized," says Nachum Gidal, "were then eligible to be appointed to professional chairs." "In the spring of 1933," notes Anthony Heilbut, "Hitler shocked the world by dismissing from their jobs the titans of German scholarship, the vast majority of whom were Jewish."  (Adolf Hitler's family doctor had been Jewish. Hitler's sister was even once employed by the Mensa Academica Judaica in Vienna. Hitler was awarded a medal of honor for his deeds in Wold War I; the award was reportedly expedited by a Jewish army officer, Hugo Gutmann.)

     Almost 80% of department and chain store business in pre-war Germany were Jewish, 40% of wholesale textile firms, and 60% of the wholesale and retail clothing business. By 1895, 56% of German Jews were involved in commerce; correspondingly, only 10% of non-Jewish Germans were in this field.   By the 1930s, Jews controlled 90% of the world's fur trade, reflected in an important yearly auction in Leipzig.  "Jews were also important in the wholesale metal business and retail grocery business."  In Upper Silesia more than half of the local industry -- coal, iron, steel, petroleum, et al -- was owned or directed by Jews before 1933. "The coal and iron industry of Upper Silesia," says Sidney Osborne, "-- the second largest in Germany -- was almost the exclusive creation of a handful of Jews."

 
    This area included the Jewish-owned iron company owned by Mortiz Friedlander, Sinai Levy and David Lowenfeld; the "well-known iron and steel works, Bismarkshutte" which was founded by two Jewish merchants; an "extensive iron pipe and tube works" owned by Mortiz Hahn and Simon Huldschinsky; the Upper Silesian Iron Industry (with branches Tubenhutte and Baildonhutte); "one of the largest enamel works" in Germany; Ferrum, and iron and steel firm; the Upper Silesian Zinc Foundries company; the "coke-oven industry Gluckauf; the Upper Silesian Coke and Chemical Works; and coal mining (Otto Friedlander).  "Other important industries in Jewish hands," adds Sidney Osborne,
 
"were leather, textiles, and cigarette factories, the Portland cement and lime industry, and important iron and lumber interests. This account of Jewish enterprise in Upper Silesia is given with some particularity because it was more or less typical of what was going on in other industrial regions of Germany."
     "The Hirsch copper works in Halberstadt ...," notes Nachum Gidal, "[became] the most important copper and brass works in Europe. The works was still owned by the Orthodox family until 1933. In the basic materials industry, Fritz von Friedlander-Fuld (1858-1917) was outstanding with his Silesian enterprises ... [comprising] a group of major firms. Friedlander-Fuld was responsible for building up the coke industry in Germany ... Closely linked with the coke industry was the petroleum industry, led by general director M. Melamid ... The founder of the Silesian iron industry (Caro-Hegenschedt) was George von Caro ... His brother Oskar Caro ... is regarded as the founder of the German enamel industry. Mortiz von der Porten  ... spearheaded the aluminum sector in Germany." Wilhelm Von Gutmann's Gebruder Gutmann Industries "was the largest single factor in the coal industry of the Austro-Hungarian empire." Philip Rosenthal founded "the most famous porcelain factory in Selb in Bavaria." Albert Balin "played an outstanding part in the building up of the German merchant fleet ... Under his guidance [the Hamburg-America line] developed into Europe's leading shipping company." Walter Rathenau was president of the "Siemens works, the largest electricity company in Germany."
 
     In the 1930s, notes Ian Kershaw, during Nazi efforts to politicize the German peasants against Jews in the Alzenau district,
 
"Jewish-owned cigar factories dominated local industry ... Jews in fact owned most of the twenty-nine factories, with a combined work force of 2,206 women and 280 men ... In the countryside ... the main issue was the remaining dominance in many areas of the Jewish cattle dealer, the traditional middle-man and purveyor of credit for untold numbers of German peasants ... [As late as 1935,] the wholesale cattle trade in Ebermannstadt was ... still 'to a good ninety percent' in Jewish hands."

(Note from Save Your Heritage:  We don't agree with the author that the Nazi's were trying to "politicize" the German peasants against Jews.  We believe that the Nazis were attempting to point out to peasants, who were mostly illiterate, that the Jews were dominating them.  The Nazis wanted the Germans to have pride in their Heritage and in their uniqueness as Germans.  As you can see from reading about the strangle hold the Jews had on the German economy, the Nazis wanted Germany for Germans, not a minority population who worked for the betterment of themselves, not the country.  But we will leave the author's words as he wrote them.  You can decide for yourself what the motives of the Nazis were.)

     Jews were likewise dramatically over-represented in every sphere of academic enterprise, from philosophy to science. "Jews were also the most influential critics of drama, art, music, and books as well as the owners of the most important art galleries and theatres." In the Berlin of 1930, 80% of the theatre directors were Jewish and they authored 75% of the produced plays. Many prominent actors, actresses, and moviemakers were Jewish. Some Jewish scholars, like Walter Laquer, have even went so far as to claim that without Jewish influence the culture of the pre-Nazi Weimar Republic "would not have existed." "Jews," says Laqueur, "were prominent among Expressionist poets, among the novelists of the 1920's, among the theatrical producers and, for a while, among the leading figures of cinema."  "Jewish names," notes Nachum Gidal, "were numerous among the pioneers of film and the film industry," including Paul Davidson and Herman Fellner who founded "the first German film company."

          By the 1920s German critics like Theodore Fritsch, Hans Blucher, and Adolf Bartel were influential in the growing German complaint that German culture was dominated by Jews.  A German Jew, Moritz Goldstein, had poured fuel on the issue of Jewish dominance by writing a much-discussed article in 1913 in which he wrote that Jews essentially ran German culture, from an almost complete monopoly of Berlin newspapers and dominance of German theatre, music, and literature. "German cultural life seems to be passing increasingly into Jewish hands," Goldstein wrote, "... We Jews are administering the spiritual property of a nation which denies us our right and our ability to do so." Even in the nineteenth century the German composer, and nationalist, Richard Wagner, was horrified to realize the large number of Jews in his audiences, as well as in the receptions for him afterward.

 
     Although Jews, as 1% of the German population, represented a negligible electoral power, by the early twentieth century their economic and social impact was considerable in the political sphere.  Jewish-funded lawyers, for instance, were instrumental in securing fines against, or jail terms, for right wing politicians, often for disorderly conduct charges or libel.   Even "the police commissioner of Berlin during part of the period of Nazi agitation for power was a Jew, Dr. Bernhard Weiss."  "In 1933," says Anthony Heilbut, "[Jews] were only five hundred thousand of Germany's sixty-four million people, and one-third of these lived in Berlin. Jews had infiltrated many areas of German life, particularly the media, through the newspapers they owned and edited, as well as the movies they wrote and produced." [HEILBUT, p. 25] Before World War I, two of the most important German newspapers -- the National-Zeitung of Berlin and the Franfurter Zeitung -- were owned and edited by Jews. 13 of 21 daily newspapers in Berlin in the 1870's were Jewish-owned, among them the only three that focused on political satire. In the pre-Nazi era of the Weimar Republic, three of Germany’s important newspapers were Jewish-owned -- the Vossiche Zeitung, the Berliner Tageblatt (founded in 1872 by Rudolf Mosse and Georg Davidsohn) and the Frankfurter Zeitung (Heinrich Simon/Leopold Sonnemann). (The eventual president of the World Zionist Organization, Nahum Goldmann, began writing for the Frankfurt paper when he was 15 years old). The newspapers Grenzboten and Ostdeutsche Post were also owned by a Jewish media mogul, Ignaz Kuranda. The two largest publishing houses in Germany  -- the Ullstein, and Mosse companies -- were also owned by Jews, as were a number of smaller ones. Rudolf Mosse, the founder of the Mosse company, and a colleague also began "building up an advertising bureau which soon overtook the former leaders, the English advertising agencies, and had 275 branches worldwide." In the late 1800s Leopold Ullstein "launched the Berliner Morgenpost, which built up a circulation of six hundred thousand, the largest in Germany, but perhaps his most dramatic breakthrough came with the Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung which by 1894 had a circulation of two milion ... Ullstein had five sons, all of whom developed different branches of his enterprise. By the 'thirties they were not only the biggest newspaper group in Germany, but they also published books, magazines, dress patterns and music. They also had their own news agency, picture service, film studio and even a zoo to serve their children's papers."

     The Jewish-owned Landhoffs book publishing firm was also a "book trade dynasty," as was the Springers company. "Not just the principals of the [Springers] firm," notes Business History, "but many of the distinguished scientists among their authors and editors were Jewish.' Leading "avante garde" publishing firms included the Jewish houses of S. Fischer, Kurt Wolff, Georg Bondi, Erich Reiss, and the Malik Verlag.  "Bote and Bote was Germany's largest music publisher and ran a concert agency as well ... Both Rutter and Loening in Frankfurt am Main and the Deutsche Verlegsantalt in Stuttgart were founded by Jews, as were the later publishing houses of Erich, Reiss, Brandus, and a number of specialist presses."

 
     With the rise of German fascism, in 1933 a retired United States Department official, Edward House, told a new ambassador to Berlin: "You should try to ameliorate Jewish suffering. [The Nazis] are clearly wrong and even terrible, but the Jews should not be allowed to dominate economic or intellectual life in Berlin as they have for a long time." Anthony Heilbut notes a joke that was a favorite of Albert Einstein's, "in which an émigré asks a friend if he is homesick for Berlin, and the other replies: 'What for? I'm not Jewish.'"

      Jews were also vastly over represented as editors and reporters in German journalism. "Unfortunately," says Sarah Gordon, "many of them tended to use their works as vehicles to oppose or criticize prevalent German values." Among these critics of German society was Kurt Tucholsky, "whose biting satire made him a hero of the more cosmopolitan segments of the German middle class. The son a successful Jewish businessman-lawyer, Tucholsky flayed Germans and German values mercilessly. By the late 1920s, he had decided that Germany was hopeless and that middle-class Germans were either idiots or positively evil." Germans, assessed prominent Jewish pianist Arthur Rubinstein in the 1930s, "are not a musical people. They accept the heavy, pedantic music of Pfitzner, Reger and Bruckner with their long-winded 'developments,' just as they enjoy a stodgy meal of sauerkraut and sausages."

      On one hand, Jews were increasingly perceived to have strangleholds on the German social, cultural and economic system. On the other, in the political field, Richard Rubenstein notes that

"Marxism was seen by conservative Europe as Jewish in origin and leadership, a view that was reinforced in Germany by the three successive left wing regimes that succeeded the Bavarian royal house of Wittelsbach from November 7, 1918 to May 1, 1919, at the end of World War I. In Munich, the city that did more than any other to give birth to [Hitler's] National Socialism, and in the era in which Hitler first joined the miniscule party, a series of politically naive, left-wing Jewish leaders attempted    ineffectually to bring about an enduring socialist revolution in Catholic, conservative Bavaria."     

     "As Robert Michel pointed out in his classic Political Parties," note Stanley Rothman and S. Robert Lichter, "Jews at that time [late 1800s] were playing a key role in socialist parties in almost every European country in which they had settled in any numbers."    

     In Germany, these included Daniel deLeon, a Sephardic Jew who headed the Socialist Labor Party. DeLeon "attempted to conceal his Jewish background, pretending that he was descended from an aristocratic family of Catholic background."  

       At the influential Die Weltbuhne left-wing intellectual journal in pre-Hitler Germany, 42 of 68 writers "whose identity could be established" were found to be of Jewish descent. Two more were "half-Jews" and three others were married to Jewish women. But, notes Isak Deak, "only a few of the Weltbuhne circle openly acknowledged that they were Jews ... Die Weltbuhne was in this respect not unique; Jews published, edited, and to a great part wrote the other left-wing intellectual magazines ... Jews created the left-wing intellectual movement in Germany."
 
     In increasing political turmoil between World Wars I and II, and amidst the rise of Nazism and a growing perception that the communist movement would destroy tradition German culture and values, left-leaning Jewish politicians who were assassinated included Bavarian premiere Kurt Eisner, Eugen Levin (the chairman of the Executive Assembly of the Second Munich Soviet Republic), and German Foreign Minister Walter Rathenau.

(Note from Save Your Heritage:  Kurt Eisner was assassinated by a Jew.  Eugen Levin was involved in the communist takeover of Munich and convicted of murdering eight hostages.  He was executed.  Walter Rathenau wanted German Jews to assimilate.  He opposed both Zionism and socialism.  He was assassinated in 1922, before the Nazis came to power.  The Nazis, and Hitler, knew without a doubt that communism would destroy traditional German culture.  They weren't stupid.  ALl they had to do was look at the blood bath in Russia.)

     The actual origin of the term "anti-Semitism" is credited to German author Wilhelm Marr who wrote, in 1879, a book entitled The Victory of Judaism Over Germany. Here is a brief excerpt, as he agitated about so much Jewish dominance in the life of German society::

     "There is no stopping them ... Are there no clear signs that the twilight of the Jews is setting in? No. Jewry's control of society and politics, as well as its practical domination of the religious and ecclestical thought, is still in the prime of its development, heading toward the realization of Jehovah's promise, 'I will hand all peoples over to thee.' By now, a sudden reversal of this process is fundamentally impossible, for if it were, the entire social structure, which has been so thoroughly Judaized, would collapse. And there is no viable alternative to this social structure which could take its place. Further, we cannot count on the help of the 'Christian' state. The Jews are the 'best citizens' of this modern, Christian state, as it is in perfect harmony with their interests ... It is not a pretentious prophecy but the deepest inner conviction which I here utter. Your  generation will not pass before there will be absolutely no public office, even the highest one, which the Jews will not have usurped. Yes, through the Jewish nation, Germany will become a world power, a western New Palestine. And this will happen, not through violent revolutions, but through the compliance of the people ... German culture has proved itself ineffective and powerless against this foreign power. This is a fact; a brute inexorable fact. State, Church, Catholicism, Protestantism, Creed and Dogma, all are brought low before the Jewish tribunal, that is, the [irreverent] daily press [which the Jews control]. [Text in brackets inserted by Mendes-Flohr and Reinharz, presumably from the context of the rest of the original Marr work] The Jews were late in their assault on Germany, but once they started there was no stopping them."

(Note from Save Your Heritage:  Can you imagine the uproar if you replaced the word "Jews" in the above quote with "Whites" or "White Heritage."  The cries of racist, bigot and hate monger would be heard around the world!)

 
      In nearby Austria, major newspapers like Neue Freie Presse ("the most prestigious newspaper in Central Europe") and Wiener Tagblatt were likewise Jewish-owned. "In German-speaking Europe," says Jacques Kornberg, "the term 'journalism' and 'Jews' went together in people's minds." And, adds Kornberg, since Jews had a reputation for "shady business practices" and "journalistic corruption," notions of "anti-Semitism and anti-journalism always went hand in hand."
 
     In Vienna, Austria, by 1910, 62% of the lawyers were Jewish, 51% of the doctors and dentists, and 70% of those in scientific occupations. A large proportion of the rest of Viennese Jews, 40%, were merchants. A Jewish writer from Berlin, Jakob Wasserman, in visiting Vienna in 1898, remarked that
 
 "I soon realized that the whole of public life was dominated by Jews...I was amazed to see such a crowd of Jewish physicians, lawyers, clubs men, snobs, dandies, proletarians, actors, journalists, and poets."

 

This is the atmosphere that Hitler and his Nazi Party tried to change

This is the "Jewish problem" that dominated Germany

And now, thanks to the Allies, it's our problem

We made a pact with the devil, Stalin

We made the world safe for communism

The White Race -- our Precious Heritage -- Lost

And the Jews Won

 

Who else knew about the Jews?

The Great Reformer

 

Martin Luther

the great reformer

Knew about the Jews long before the rest of the world

click below for a revealing insight on what he wrote about them

http://74.125.47.132/search?q=cache:iIyDrbDAKX4J:www.biblebelievers.org.au/luther.htm+martin+luther+and+book+of+esther&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=12&gl=us

 

Don't underestimate this Jewish/communist problem

 
"There has been a tendency to circumvent or simply ignore the significant role of Jewish intellectuals in the German Communist Party, and thereby seriously neglect one of the genuine and objective reasons for increased anti-Semitism during and after World War 1.. The prominence of Jews in the revolution and early Weimar Republic is indisputable, and this was a very serious contributing cause for increased anti-Semitism in post-war years.. It is clear then that the stereotype of Jews as socialists and communists.. led many Germans to distrust the Jewish minority as a whole and to brand Jews as enemies of the German nation." (Sarah Gordon Hitler, Germans and the 'Jewish Question' Princeton University Press (1984) p 23).

 

Again, knowing all of this, What would you do as the leader of Germany?

 

In the next section you'll learn about the lead-up to World War II.  You'll learn about the massacre in the Danzig Corridor of thousands of German civilians known as Bloody Sunday .  If you've followed the links you already know about the enormous Jewish communist problem that Germany faced.  And if you know anything at all about history you'll know what an evil scourge on society that communism is and that Hitler was completely right to want to eradicate this evil.

You of course know what you've been "taught" about the rest of German history.  You know that Hitler is considered the most evil man to ever live.  You know about the holocaust, and the "extermination" of the Jews.

But...do you know that people go to jail in Europe for disagreeing with the Jews on the Holocaust?  Our government took a 70 year old man, a German native married to an American, and sent him to Germany simply for proving that Jews were not gassed.  That man spent five years in prison in Germany for what in America is free speech!

You'll learn it here.  If you're willing

Do you know that other men have lost their jobs simply for proving that six million DID NOT DIE?

You'll learn it here.  If you're willing

Do you know that Hitler and the Nazis never made an order for the extermination of the Jews?

You'll learn it here.  If you're willing

Do you know that Eisenhower is responsible for the deaths of over one million German soldiers after they surrendered?

These deaths were called, "Other Losses."

You'll learn it here, if you're willing

This is the history that you were never taught.  And if you have the courage, you will learn.

 

We are not going to try and prove that Jews didn't die

We know that they did

We're not going to argue whether or not Germans were right in their animosity towards the Jews and the laws they passed against them.

You can decide that for yourselves

What we are going to show are the facts of history

FACT:  The Nazi solution to the Jewish/Communist problem was to attempt to deprive them of their influence within the nation by passing laws.

FACT:  The Nazi solution to the Jewish/Communist problem in their midst was to encourage the Jews to immigrate from the country, which most Jews did by 1939 with most of their assets.

FACT:  The Nazi leadership, including Hitler, never attempted to "exterminate" the Jews.

FACT:  The Jews declared war on Germany in 1933!

FACT:  The governments of Great Britain and the United States were riddled with Jews.  Jews influenced both Churchill and Roosevelt in their policy making decisions.  Some of these Jews were communist agents.

 

Don't let long-held beliefs stop you from learning truth

Click here for the rest of German History

 

World War II

**********************

GERMAN IMMIGRATION TO AMERICA

Since their arrival at Jamestown in 1607 with the English, Germans have been one of the three largest population components of American society.  When Columbus arrived in America in 1492, he did so in the name of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, that is, with the entitlement of the Hapsburgs who also ruled Germany as part of the Holy Roman Empire. 

Between 1671 and 1677 William Penn made trips to Germany on behalf of the Quaker faith, resulting in a German settlement that was German speaking and comprised of religious dissenters.  By 1790, when the first U.S. Census was taken, more than 8.6 percent of the overall population of the United States was German, although in Pennsylvania more than 33 percent was German.  During the Revolutionary War these German Americans were numerically strengthened by the arrival of about 30,000 Hessian mercenaries who fought for England during the hostilities.  Yet 5,000 chose to remain after the war ceased.

Until about 1815 Americans and some foreign shippers brought many Germans to America under the redemptioner system.  The Scheme was that a German peasant traveled on a sailing vessel without charge.  On arrival at an Atlantic port he or she was then sold to an American businessman to work from four to seven years to "redeem" his passage and win his freedom.  Some of the early sectarians, Baptist Dunkkers, Schwenkfelders, Moravian Brethren, and others, were only able to reach America in this way.

One major wave of German immigration came after the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815.  Suffering from a poor economy and a famine brought on by potato blight in the 1840s, plus the failed 1848 revolution in Europe that failed to bring democracy to Germany brought nearly 750,000 Germany to America.

Germans settled in different locations depending upon when they arrived and where the best economic opportunities were situated.  The primary port of arrival for early immigrants was Philadelphia and many Germany chose to settle in Pennsylvania, hence Pennsylvania Dutch.  Most live in the Midwest, about one fourth in the south, almost 20% in the West and 17% in the Northeast.  German Americans are most densely settled in Wisconsin, Minnesota, the Dakotas, Nebraska and Iowa.

In all between 1820 and 1920 about 5,500,000 Germans came to America, the largest ethnic group to immigrate to the United States of America during those years.

 

For more information see www.germany.info and http://motherearthtravel.com/history/germany/ and http://www.localhistories.org/index.html

 

 


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